日前，發生在山東的(de)一(yi)起關于(yu)小麥典當(dang)質押權的(de)糾(jiu)紛事件(jian)，又一(yi)次(ci)為業內操作(zuo)動產質押敲響了警鐘(zhong)。不少人(ren)最(zui)為關心的(de)是，這樣的(de)業務中(zhong)權屬關系如何分辨?

　　據悉，去(qu)年6月至8月，山(shan)東某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)面(mian)(mian)粉有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)與(yu)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)糧食(shi)(shi)集(ji)團有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)分別簽(qian)訂(ding)了五份《小麥(mai)(mai)采購(gou)儲存合同》，約定(ding)儲存地點為山(shan)東某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)面(mian)(mian)粉有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)院(yuan)內庫房，糧食(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)權(quan)(quan)(quan)歸某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)糧食(shi)(shi)集(ji)團有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)，山(shan)東某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)面(mian)(mian)粉有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)享有(you)(you)(you)優(you)先(xian)購(gou)買權(quan)(quan)(quan)，小麥(mai)(mai)由雙方共同保(bao)管。去(qu)年11月，山(shan)東某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)面(mian)(mian)粉有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)與(yu)山(shan)東某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)典當有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)簽(qian)訂(ding)《質(zhi)押(ya)典當合同》，將某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)糧食(shi)(shi)集(ji)團有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)小麥(mai)(mai)進行(xing)質(zhi)押(ya)借500萬元。得知該情況后，某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)糧食(shi)(shi)集(ji)團有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)立即向黑龍江省農墾中級人民法(fa)院(yuan)提起訴訟(song)，請(qing)求依法(fa)確認糧食(shi)(shi)的(de)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)權(quan)(quan)(quan)人為自身，并確認山(shan)東某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)面(mian)(mian)粉有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)向山(shan)東某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)典當有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)設立的(de)質(zhi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)不生效(xiao)。同時申請(qing)法(fa)院(yuan)對小麥(mai)(mai)進行(xing)財(cai)產保(bao)全(quan)。

　　后(hou)經法院查明(ming)，雙(shuang)方(fang)在(zai)簽訂(ding)典(dian)當(dang)質押(ya)(ya)合同后(hou)，與第三方(fang)德(de)州某金融咨(zi)詢(xun)服務有限公司簽訂(ding)了(le)《動(dong)(dong)產質押(ya)(ya)監管業務合作協(xie)議》。2014年12月5日，山東省德(de)州市眾(zhong)信公證處對(dui)雙(shuang)方(fang)之間(jian)的債(zhai)權債(zhai)務關系進行(xing)了(le)具(ju)有強制(zhi)執行(xing)力的公證。并且，典(dian)當(dang)貸(dai)款雙(shuang)方(fang)還在(zai)臨邑縣工商行(xing)政管理局(ju)辦理了(le)動(dong)(dong)產抵押(ya)(ya)登記。

　　法(fa)院據此(ci)認為(wei)，異(yi)議(yi)(yi)人(ren)某(mou)(mou)糧食集團有限公司某(mou)(mou)分公司雖然主張其與山東(dong)某(mou)(mou)面粉有限公司進行共(gong)(gong)同保管該小麥(mai)，并(bing)對該小麥(mai)享有所(suo)有權，但該小麥(mai)所(suo)有權的(de)(de)歸屬系實體認定的(de)(de)范疇(chou)，需(xu)向法(fa)院對被(bei)申請人(ren)提(ti)起訴(su)訟，即通(tong)過訴(su)訟程序予以確認執行標的(de)(de)物的(de)(de)所(suo)有權。依照《中華人(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)和國民(min)事訴(su)訟法(fa)》、《最高人(ren)民(min)法(fa)院關于適用中華人(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)和國民(min)事訴(su)訟法(fa)執行程序若干(gan)問題(ti)的(de)(de)解釋》中的(de)(de)相關規(gui)定，法(fa)院駁回了某(mou)(mou)糧食集團有限公司某(mou)(mou)分公司的(de)(de)異(yi)議(yi)(yi)。

　　法律界人士表示，從(cong)歸(gui)屬(shu)權上分析，動(dong)產歸(gui)屬(shu)確(que)定(ding)的(de)(de)基本原則(ze)是(shi)交付。因(yin)此從(cong)這(zhe)一案件看來，典(dian)(dian)當行(xing)的(de)(de)處(chu)理方(fang)式是(shi)沒有問(wen)題的(de)(de)。一旦發生(sheng)絕當，除非能證明(ming)典(dian)(dian)當行(xing)事先并非“善意取得(de)”，否則(ze)典(dian)(dian)當行(xing)有權對(dui)絕當物進行(xing)處(chu)置。

　　“這(zhe)個案件中，典當(dang)(dang)行或許是(shi)出于‘未雨綢繆’，還辦理了(le)公證與(yu)登(deng)記(ji)手續，這(zhe)無疑(yi)是(shi)對自(zi)身起到(dao)了(le)更(geng)進一(yi)步(bu)的(de)保障(zhang)。”該人士(shi)分析道(dao)。不過(guo)也有(you)經驗人士(shi)提醒，像小(xiao)麥(mai)這(zhe)樣的(de)農(nong)產品質押(ya)，在處理絕當(dang)(dang)時對于市場(chang)行情、季節(jie)性等方面(mian)的(de)把握非常重要(yao)，“這(zhe)是(shi)除所有(you)權確(que)認(ren)之外(wai)，典當(dang)(dang)行需要(yao)考慮到(dao)的(de)另一(yi)個方面(mian)。”