日前，發生在山東的(de)一起關(guan)于(yu)小(xiao)麥典當質(zhi)押權(quan)的(de)糾(jiu)紛事件，又(you)一次為業(ye)內(nei)操作動產(chan)質(zhi)押敲(qiao)響了警鐘。不少人最為關(guan)心的(de)是，這樣(yang)的(de)業(ye)務中權(quan)屬(shu)關(guan)系如(ru)何分辨?

　　據悉(xi)，去(qu)年6月至8月，山(shan)東某(mou)(mou)(mou)面(mian)粉有(you)(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)與(yu)某(mou)(mou)(mou)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)有(you)(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)某(mou)(mou)(mou)分(fen)(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)分(fen)(fen)別簽(qian)訂(ding)了五份《小麥采(cai)購儲存合同》，約定(ding)儲存地點為(wei)山(shan)東某(mou)(mou)(mou)面(mian)粉有(you)(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)院內庫房，糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)權(quan)歸某(mou)(mou)(mou)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)有(you)(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)某(mou)(mou)(mou)分(fen)(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)，山(shan)東某(mou)(mou)(mou)面(mian)粉有(you)(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)享有(you)(you)(you)優先(xian)購買權(quan)，小麥由雙方共(gong)同保管。去(qu)年11月，山(shan)東某(mou)(mou)(mou)面(mian)粉有(you)(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)與(yu)山(shan)東某(mou)(mou)(mou)典(dian)當有(you)(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)簽(qian)訂(ding)《質(zhi)押典(dian)當合同》，將某(mou)(mou)(mou)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)有(you)(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)某(mou)(mou)(mou)分(fen)(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)小麥進(jin)行質(zhi)押借500萬(wan)元。得知該情況后，某(mou)(mou)(mou)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)有(you)(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)某(mou)(mou)(mou)分(fen)(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)立即向(xiang)黑龍江省農墾(ken)中(zhong)級人(ren)民法(fa)院提起訴訟(song)，請求(qiu)依法(fa)確認糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)權(quan)人(ren)為(wei)自身，并(bing)確認山(shan)東某(mou)(mou)(mou)面(mian)粉有(you)(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)向(xiang)山(shan)東某(mou)(mou)(mou)典(dian)當有(you)(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)設立的(de)(de)質(zhi)權(quan)不生效。同時(shi)申請法(fa)院對小麥進(jin)行財產保全。

　　后(hou)經(jing)法院查明，雙方在簽(qian)訂典當質(zhi)押合(he)同后(hou)，與(yu)第三方德州某(mou)金融咨詢服務(wu)有(you)限公(gong)(gong)司簽(qian)訂了《動產質(zhi)押監管(guan)業(ye)務(wu)合(he)作協議》。2014年12月5日，山(shan)東省德州市眾信公(gong)(gong)證處對雙方之(zhi)間的債(zhai)權債(zhai)務(wu)關系進行(xing)了具(ju)有(you)強制執行(xing)力(li)的公(gong)(gong)證。并(bing)且，典當貸款(kuan)雙方還(huan)在臨邑縣工(gong)商行(xing)政管(guan)理局辦理了動產抵押登(deng)記。

　　法院(yuan)據此認(ren)(ren)為，異議人某糧食集(ji)團(tuan)有(you)限(xian)公司(si)(si)某分公司(si)(si)雖然主張其與山東某面粉有(you)限(xian)公司(si)(si)進行共同保(bao)管該小(xiao)麥，并對(dui)該小(xiao)麥享有(you)所(suo)有(you)權，但該小(xiao)麥所(suo)有(you)權的歸(gui)屬系實體(ti)認(ren)(ren)定的范疇，需向法院(yuan)對(dui)被申請人提起訴(su)(su)訟(song)，即通過(guo)訴(su)(su)訟(song)程(cheng)序(xu)予以確認(ren)(ren)執(zhi)行標的物的所(suo)有(you)權。依(yi)照《中(zhong)華人民(min)共和國民(min)事(shi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)法》、《最(zui)高人民(min)法院(yuan)關于適用(yong)中(zhong)華人民(min)共和國民(min)事(shi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)法執(zhi)行程(cheng)序(xu)若干問(wen)題的解(jie)釋》中(zhong)的相(xiang)關規(gui)定，法院(yuan)駁回了某糧食集(ji)團(tuan)有(you)限(xian)公司(si)(si)某分公司(si)(si)的異議。

　　法律界人士表(biao)示，從歸屬(shu)權(quan)上分析(xi)，動產歸屬(shu)確定的(de)基(ji)本原則(ze)(ze)是(shi)交付。因此從這(zhe)一案件看來(lai)，典當(dang)行(xing)的(de)處(chu)理方式(shi)是(shi)沒有(you)問(wen)題的(de)。一旦發生絕(jue)當(dang)，除非(fei)能證(zheng)明典當(dang)行(xing)事先并非(fei)“善意取(qu)得”，否則(ze)(ze)典當(dang)行(xing)有(you)權(quan)對絕(jue)當(dang)物進行(xing)處(chu)置。

　　“這個(ge)案件(jian)中，典當行或(huo)許是出于‘未(wei)雨綢繆’，還辦理了(le)公(gong)證與(yu)登(deng)記手(shou)續，這無疑(yi)是對自(zi)身起到了(le)更進(jin)一步的(de)(de)保障(zhang)。”該人士分析道。不過也有經驗人士提醒，像小麥這樣的(de)(de)農產品質(zhi)押，在(zai)處理絕當時對于市場行情、季節性等方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)把握非常重要(yao)(yao)，“這是除所有權確認(ren)之外，典當行需要(yao)(yao)考慮(lv)到的(de)(de)另一個(ge)方(fang)(fang)面。”